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Desktop search tools search within a user's own computer files as opposed to searching the Internet. These tools are designed to find information on the user's PC, including web browser history, e-mail archives, text documents, sound files, images, and video. One of the main advantages of desktop search programs is that search results are displayed quickly due to the use of proper indexes. A variety of desktop search programs are now available; see this list for examples. Desktop search emerged as a concern for large firms for two main reasons: untapped productivity and security. On the one hand, users needs to be able to quickly find relevant files, but on the other hand, they shouldn't have access to restricted files. According to analyst firm Gartner, up to 80% of some companies' data is locked up inside unstructured data — the information stored on an end user's PC, the directories (folders) and files they've created on a network, documents stored in repositories such as corporate intranets and a multitude of other locations.〔.〕 Moreover, many companies have structured or unstructured information stored in older file formats to which they don't have ready access. Companies doing business in the United States are frequently required under regulatory mandates like Sarbanes-Oxley, HIPAA and FERPA to make sure that access to sensitive information is 100% controlled. This creates a challenge for IT organizations, which may not have a desktop search standard, or lack strict central control over end users downloading tools from the Internet. Some consumer-oriented desktop search tools make it possible to generate indexes outside the corporate firewall and share those indexes with unauthorized users. In some cases, end users are able to index — but not preview — items they should not even know exist. Historically, full desktop search comes from the work of Apple Computer's Advanced Technology Group, resulting in the underlying AppleSearch technology in the early 1990s. It was used to build the Sherlock search engine and then developed into Spotlight, which brought automated, non-timer-based full indexing into the operating system. == Technologies == Most desktop search engines build and maintain an index database to achieve reasonable performance when searching several gigabytes of data. Indexing usually takes place when the computer is idle and most search applications can be set to suspend indexing if a portable computer is running on batteries, in order to save power. There are notable exceptions, however: Voidtools' Everything Search Engine,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.voidtools.com/ )〕 which performs searches over only filenames — not the files' contents — for NTFS volumes only, is able to build its index from scratch in just a few seconds. Another exception is Vegnos Desktop Search Engine,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.vegnos.com )〕 which performs searches over filenames and files' contents without building any indices. The benefits to not having indices is that, in addition to not requiring persistent storage, more powerful queries (e.g., regular expressions) can be issued, whereas indexed search engines are limited to keyword-based queries. An index may also not be up-to-date, when a query is performed. In this case, results returned will not be accurate (that is, a hit may be shown when it is no longer there, and a file may not be shown, when in fact it is a hit). Some products have sought to remedy this disadvantage by building a real-time indexing function into the software. There are disadvantages to not indexing. Namely, the time to complete a query can be significant, and the issued query can also be resource-intensive. Desktop search tools typically collect three types of information about files: * file and folder names * metadata, such as titles, authors, comments in file types such as MP3, PDF and JPEG * file content (for supported types of documents only) To search effectively within documents, the tools need to be able to parse many different types of documents. This is achieved by using filters that interpret selected file formats. For example, a ''Microsoft Office Filter'' might be used to search inside Microsoft Office documents. Long-term goals for desktop search include the ability to search the contents of image files, sound files and video by context. The sector attracted considerable attention from the struggle between Microsoft and Google.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=BBC NEWS - Technology - Search wars hit desktop computers )〕 According to market analysts, both companies were attempting to leverage their monopolies (of web browsers and search engines, respectively) to strengthen their dominance. Due to Google's complaint that users of Windows Vista cannot choose any competitor's desktop search program over the built-in one, an agreement was reached between US Justice Department and Microsoft that Windows Vista Service Pack 1 would enable users to choose between the built-in and other desktop search programs, and select which one is to be the default.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SearchMax )〕 As of September, 2011, Google ended life for Google Desktop, a program designed to make it easy for users to search their own PCs for emails, files, music, photos, Web pages and more.〔("Google Desktop Update" (Sept 2011) )〕 Desktop search products are software alternatives to Windows Desktop and Outlook Search, helping business professional sift through desktop files, emails, attachments, SharePoint data, and more.,〔( „What do you do for desktop search in VDI and RDSH?“ ). Blogpost by Brian Madden on brainmadden.com. Retrieved on March 25, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「desktop search」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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